In this case report, a case who had posterior capsulitis in both of the temporomandibular joints following the maxillary advancement and mandibular setback by Le Fort I and sagittal split ramus osteotomies was present in order to discuss the relationship between ort-hognatic surgery and craniomandibular dysfunction. The posterior capsulitis in both joints was treated successfully with a flat occlusal splint, which was attributed to the surgical trauma and different osteosynthesis used for osteointegration of the proximal and distal segments of mandible; right plate and left wire, in the same time because of worsening of the vital signs of patient during the surgery. It was believed that the latter also contributed to the process by means of changing the preexisting balanced orthofucntional status of the stomatognatic system to an unbalanced state, i.e., pathofunctional status resulted in the muscular parafunctions for creating a new balanced state due to the adaptive homeostatic dynamics. It was believed to be the first case reported in the literature.

Keywords: Orthognatic surgery, craniomandibular dysfunction